ETT Study Guide Book 3: Component Testing
M. Grounding Systems
1. Properties and Types
Identify properties, types, and applications 2, 3, 4
Essential Reading
- Getting Down to Earth A practical guide to earth resistance testing 2 3 4
- Special Considerations for Lightning Grounding - NETAWORLD Winter 2013 3
- Resistance Grounding System Basics 4
Grounding Principles
- The Importance of Grounding Renewables
- Medium-Voltage Grounding Principles
- The Differences Between Grounding and Bonding (12 Part Series)
- Good grounding practices
- Some Basics of System Grounding
- Principles of Electrical Grounding
- A Look at Concrete Encased Electrodes
- Step and Touch Potentials
- System Grounding for Mission-Critical Power Systems
- Five of the most frequently asked questions on grounding and ground-fault current
- Substation Grounding Tutorial
- Understanding lightning protection systems
2. Inspection and Test Procedures
Apply visual and mechanical inspections 2, 3, 4
Important Standards
- IEEE 142 Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems 4
- IEEE Standard 142: Foundation for Grounding
- NFPA 70 2017: Article 250 Grounding 2 3 4
Grounding System Inspections
- The Dirt On Ground Rods
- Guidelines to properly designed substation grounding system
- Why Test Grounding?
- Maintaining Your Grounding System
- Eleven practical tips for grounding substations
Employ methods and procedures for electrical tests 2, 3, 4
Important Standards
- IEEE 81 Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Grounding System 2 3
- IEEE 80 Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding 3 4
- NFPA 70B: Chapter 11.13 Grounding Systems 2 3 4
Fall-of-Potential (3-point)
- Ground Testing | Secrets of the Soil
- Ground Testing on Large Systems
- Fall of Potential Test - Voltage/Resistance Rises Dramatically
- Fall-of-potential C2 distance
Soil Resisivity (4-point)
- Earth Resistivity Test Methods and Evaluations
- Understanding Soil Resistivity Testing
- Soil Types and Resisivity
- Determining the soil resistivity to design a good substation grounding system
- 4 Things Soil Resistivity Depends On
Clamp-On Testing
- Tracing Ground Leakage with a Clamp-Meter
- Clamp-On Ground Testing - MEGGER Handbook
- Clamp-On vs. Fall-of-Potential Testing Comparison
Ground Testing - General
- Computer-Based Technology for Ground Testing
- Ground Testing Procedures
- Understanding Ground Resistance Testing
- 4 Important Methods of Ground Resistance Testing
- Ground Resistance Testing: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
- Ground Testing Techniques
- The most common methods of measuring the resistance of an earth electrode
- Testing Challenges in Large Ground Systems
- Ground Testing on Asphalt
3. Interpretation of Test Results
Evaluate results of electrical tests 2, 3, 4
Important Standards
- NETA-ATS 2017: Section 7.13 Grounding Systems 2 3 4
- NETA-MTS 2019: Section 7.13 Grounding Systems 2 3 4
Employ methods of enhancing effectiveness of grounding systems 3
Important Standards
Last Update: Aug 21, 2023
📚 Access a wealth of knowledge and resources at TestGuy, the premier knowledge sharing hub for electrical test technicians. Engage in discussions, share insights, and learn from industry experts to enhance your skills and expertise. Ready to take your electrical testing journey to the next level? Join us today!
Guide Table of Contents, Book 3
- Book 3 Overview
- A. Switchgear and Switchboard Assemblies
- B. Transformers
- C. Cables
- D. Metal-Enclosed Busways
- E. Switches
- F. Circuit Breakers
- G. Circuit Switchers
- H. Network Protectors
- I. Protective Relays
- J. Instrument Transformers
- K. Metering Devices
- L. Regulating Apparatus
- M. Grounding Systems
- N. Ground-Fault Protection Systems
- O. Rotating Machinery
- P. Motor Control Centers and Motor Starters
- Q. Adjustable-Speed Drive Systems
- R. Direct-Current Systems
- S. Surge Arresters
- T. Capacitors and Reactors
- U. Outdoor Bus Structures
- V. Emergency Systems
- W. Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Line Sectionalizers
- X. Fiber-Optic Cables
- Y. Insulating Liquids and Gases
- Z. Fuses
- AA. Electric Vehicle Charging Systems