R. Direct-Current Systems

1. Properties and Types

Identify properties, types, and applications ^{2, 3, 4}

• Battery Terms and Definitions
• The Super Secret Workings of a Lead Acid Battery Explained
• 4 Battery Hazards and How to Avoid Them
• Get to Know Your Battery
• Batteries for Electric Vehicles

2. Inspection and Test Procedures

Apply visual and mechanical inspections ^{2, 3, 4}

• NFPA 70 2017: Article 480 Storage Batteries ^2 3 4
• Storage Battery Maintenance and Principles ³
• Testing Battery Banks
• DC System Grounds: Can You Afford to Live with Them?
• Battery monitoring and maintenance guidelines
• UPS Battery Maintenance 101
• The Keys to Extended Battery Life

Employ methods and procedures for electrical tests ^{2, 3, 4}

• NFPA 70B: Chapter 11.14 Battery Testing ^2 3 4
• IEEE 450 Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Vented Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications ^2 3 4
• Battery Testing Guide - MEGGER Handbook
• 3 Simple, Yet Effective Tests for Battery Systems
• Testing and Commissioning of Substation DC System

3. Interpretation of Test Results

Evaluate results of electrical tests ^{2, 3, 4}

• NETA-ATS 2017: Section 7.18 Direct-Current Systems ^2 3 4
• NETA-MTS 2019: Section 7.18 Direct-Current Systems ^2 3 4
• Recommended Testing Schedule for Battery Systems
• Why Batteries Fail Prematurely

Last Update: Aug 21, 2023