ETT Study Guide Book 3: Component Testing
Y. Insulating Liquids and Gases
1. Properties and Types
Identify properties, types, and applications 2, 3, 4
- ASTM D3487 Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus 4
- Insulating Liquid Basics
- What is the best transformer coolant?
- Transformer Oil: Testing, Types & Properties
- Analyzing transformer insulating fluid
- Sulfur Hexafluoride Gas Hazards
2. Inspection and Test Procedures
Apply sampling procedures in accordance with ASTM 2, 3, 4
Important EPA Standards
- 40 CFR Part 761 Protection of Environment
- 40 CFR 761.125 Requirements for PCB spill cleanup
- 40 CFR 761.3 Definitions
- Identification, Management, and Proper Disposal of PCB-Containing Electrical Equipment
- PCB Questions & Answers
Sampling Procedures
- ASTM D923 Standard Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids 4
- NFPA 70B: Chapter 11.19 Insulating-Liquid Analysis 2 3 4
- Specific Gravity of Transformer Oil, Where to Draw Your Sample
- Transformer Oil Sampling
Demonstrate understanding of ASTM dielectric breakdown tests 2, 3
- ASTM D877 Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
- How to Determine Dielectric Breakdown Voltage
Demonstrate understanding of ASTM moisture content, and purity tests 3
- ASTM Insulating Oil Test Methods
- Laboratory Testing of Natural Ester Dielectric Liquids
- Gassing Characteristics of Transformer Oil Under Thermal Stress
- Keep Your Transformer Working Like a Well-Oiled Machine
Employ methods and procedures for field testing of insulating oils and gases 4
- Reserved
3. Interpretation of Test Results
Evaluate results of ASTM tests 2, 3, 4
Important Standards
- IEEE C57.104 Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Oil-Immersed Transformers 3 4
- IEEE C57.106 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Mineral Oil in Electrical Equipment 4
- IEEE C57.147 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Insulating Liquid in Transformers 4
- IEEE C57.111 Guide for Acceptance of Silicone Insulating Fluid and Its Maintenance in Transformers
- IEEE C57.121 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Less-Flammable Hydrocarbon Fluid in Transformers
- NETA-ATS 2017: Table 100.4 Insulating Fluid Limits 2 3 4
- NETA-MTS 2019: Table 100.4 Insulating Fluid Limits 2 3 4
DGA
- The Power of DGA in oil analysis
- Dissolved Gas Analysis of Transformer Oil
- Dissolved Gas Analysis and the Duval Triangle
- Dissolved Gas Analysis for Transformers
- Cause of Hydrogen Gas in Transformers
- Is Hydrogen Gas in Transformer Oil the Best Early Indicator of a Fault?
- The importance of measuring oxygen in DGA
Insulating Fluid Analysis
- Understanding Your Test Results
- Guide to insulating oil dielectric breakdown testing MEGGER Handbook
- A Guide to Transformer Oil Analysis
- Dissipation Factor, Power Factor, and Relative Permittivity of Insulating Oil
- Condition Assessment of Oil Circuit Breakers and Load Tap-Changers by the Use of Laboratory Testing and Diagnostics
- Understanding Water in Transformer Systems
- ASTM D445 – Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity
Recommend corrective actions and remediation techniques 4
Last Update: Aug 21, 2023
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Guide Table of Contents, Book 3
- Book 3 Overview
- A. Switchgear and Switchboard Assemblies
- B. Transformers
- C. Cables
- D. Metal-Enclosed Busways
- E. Switches
- F. Circuit Breakers
- G. Circuit Switchers
- H. Network Protectors
- I. Protective Relays
- J. Instrument Transformers
- K. Metering Devices
- L. Regulating Apparatus
- M. Grounding Systems
- N. Ground-Fault Protection Systems
- O. Rotating Machinery
- P. Motor Control Centers and Motor Starters
- Q. Adjustable-Speed Drive Systems
- R. Direct-Current Systems
- S. Surge Arresters
- T. Capacitors and Reactors
- U. Outdoor Bus Structures
- V. Emergency Systems
- W. Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Line Sectionalizers
- X. Fiber-Optic Cables
- Y. Insulating Liquids and Gases
- Z. Fuses
- AA. Electric Vehicle Charging Systems